How to Back Up Windows 11 Properly

Last updated August 17, 2026

File History covers a few folders. OneDrive mirrors your mistakes. Here is what an actual Windows 11 backup looks like.

Windows 11 ships with two things people mistake for a backup: File History, which only covers a few user folders, and OneDrive folder sync, which mirrors deletions and ransomware damage straight to the cloud. Neither gives you a versioned copy of what you choose, encrypted, in a place you control.

What Windows 11 gives you, and where it stops

  • File History — Documents, Pictures, Desktop and a few others, to a local drive. Nothing off-site, no encryption you own.
  • OneDrive folder backup — sync, not backup. Delete a file and it disappears everywhere.
  • System image — deprecated, still present, and aimed at restoring a whole machine rather than getting one file back.

Setting up a real backup on Windows 11

  1. Pick what matters — Documents, project folders, a photo library. Not the whole disk.
  2. Pick a destination you control — an external drive, a NAS, or cloud storage you already pay for.
  3. Turn on AES-256 encryption so the archive is unreadable without your password.
  4. Set a schedule and a retention rule, plus a notification if a run fails.
  5. Test a restore — the only step that proves the rest worked.
Sync is not backup

This is the single most common mistake on Windows 11. OneDrive, Dropbox and Google Drive replicate your current state, including a deletion, an accidental overwrite, or a file a ransomware process just encrypted. A backup keeps older versions that the live folder can no longer reach.

Read next

Back up anything, anywhere — today

Encrypted, scheduled, automated backups to storage you already own. Try every feature free for 30 days — no card required.

AES-256 encryption 30-day free trial Windows 10 & 11